Early Theologians
On First Principles, Against Celsus & the Commentaries
Origen of Alexandria · c. 220 – 250
Historical Context
Origen was the most learned biblical scholar and speculative theologian of the third century, teaching first at Alexandria and later at Caesarea Maritima.
Summary
On First Principles is the first attempt at a systematic Christian theology; Against Celsus is a vast reasoned reply to a pagan philosopher; his commentaries and homilies shaped Christian exegesis for centuries. Some of his speculative views (preexistent souls, apokatastasis) were later condemned, but his exegesis and ascetic spirituality remained foundational.
Major Themes
- Allegorical and spiritual exegesis
- Trinity
- Free will
- Asceticism
- Engagement with Greek philosophy
Important Quotations
“The soul, made in the image of God, can be reformed to its original beauty.”— Homilies on Genesis 13
Related Church Fathers
Primary Sources
Further Reading
- Henri Crouzel, Origen
- John Behr, Origen: On First Principles (Oxford)