Side by side

Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium together.

Scripture and Holy Tradition; conciliar consensus.

73 books including Deuterocanon; Vulgate tradition.

Old Testament follows the Septuagint; broader canon.

Sacred Tradition, equal in dignity to Scripture.

Holy Tradition as the life of the Spirit in the Church; Scripture is part of it.

Regenerative; usually by infusion in infancy.

Regenerative; triple immersion, with chrismation and Eucharist.

Transubstantiation; real presence under the species.

True Body and Blood; mystery without scholastic definition.

Grace, faith working through love; sacramental life.

Theosis through participation in divine life.

Theotokos; Immaculate Conception (1854); Assumption (1950).

Theotokos; ever-virgin; honored above all saints; rejects Immaculate Conception as defined.

Veneration and intercession; formal canonization.

Veneration and intercession; glorification by the Church.

Episcopal, with universal jurisdiction of the pope.

Episcopal, conciliar; primacy of honor for Constantinople.

Bishops in unbroken succession from the apostles.

Bishops in unbroken succession; tied to right faith and communion.

Particular judgment, purgatory, general resurrection, final judgment.

Toll-houses (debated), prayer for the dead, general resurrection, final judgment.

The Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (Filioque) as from one principle.

The Spirit proceeds from the Father alone; the Filioque addition is rejected as an unauthorized change to the Creed.

Sacred images and statues honored; veneration distinguished from worship.

Icons as windows on heaven; veneration defined at Nicaea II (787); no three-dimensional statuary.

A deprivation of original holiness transmitted to all Adam's descendants — contracted, not personally committed (CCC 404–405). It brings concupiscence and the loss of grace, and is remitted by baptism; the Augustinian language of 'guilt' refers to this fallen state, not to personal culpability for Adam's act.

Inherited mortality and the wound of sin, not inherited guilt; the fall is a shared condition healed in Christ.

Sacramental and indissoluble; annulment recognizes that a valid marriage never existed.

A mystery of the Church; remarriage after divorce is permitted under strict pastoral economia.

Chalcedonian: one Person in two natures, divine and human, without confusion, change, division, or separation.

Chalcedonian in a Cyrillian key; two natures fully united in the one hypostasis of the Word.