Third Ecumenical Council
Council of Ephesus
431 · Ephesus · convened under Theodosius II
Historical context
Convened against Nestorius, who divided Christ into two persons.
Major decisions
- Affirmed Christ as one divine Person.
- Defined Mary as Theotokos (God-bearer).
Canons
8 canons addressing Nestorianism and Pelagianism.
Long-term impact
Christ's personal unity established; Marian devotion grounded christologically.